Perhaps you know what WiFi is??
Keeping the same thing in mind, wireless electricity has been named WiTricity
by Team of Research scientist in MIT who demonstrated wireless electricity by
lighting a 60W light bulb kept 2 meters away from the source of electricity. How
did they do it?? Let’s find out.
It was Nikola Tesla in late 1800
who first proposed wireless electricity but he was not entirely successful.
Later some other scientist tried to modify Tesla’s experimentation of Wireless
electricity but in vain. What they did was based on how transformers work today
i.e. mutual induction. They worked on two coils, one primary and the other
secondary. Current in the first coil induces a magnetic field, this magnetic
field couples with the secondary coil to give an output current. But this has many disadvantages. First, the coil needs to be kept very close to each other,
if the secondary coil is taken far from the output then current lags in
magnitude to a huge extent compared to primary. To compensate the current loss
the intensity of magnetic field can be made stronger at primary by introducing
more round of coils but this would waste a huge amount of magnetic field and hence energy since
only a part of primary coil’s magnetic field will be coupled. Thus mere mutual
induction can’t be used to transmit electricity due to huge inefficiency.
The WiTricity Team and at right an mutual inductive charger |
WiTricity uses the similar
concept like above but with added resonance to it. The primary coil is made to
vibrate at a particular frequency (its resonance frequency); if this frequency matches
with the secondary coil’s frequency then transfer of electricity with power
loss can be obtained. Thus both the coil must have that much of current with
the same resonate frequency. Added resonance changes the construction of the
coil to some extent as well. The coil is throughout inductive with capacitive
plates at its ends to store the charges, this is how the WiTricity team lit a
60W bulb wirelessly.
David Criswell of the University
of Houston proposed use of microwave to transfer electricity. He also tells
that Solar cell station can be constructed at the Moon from where electricity will
be directed to earth via microwave band of spectrum but again the question of maintenance
of the solar cell at Moon is questionable. Furthermore microwave may also have
health hazards.
NASA also proposed the use of
infrared to transfer electricity to charge batteries and they have even used it
but infrared requires direct line of sight with object for the transfer thus
making it less feasible for the future.
Iamge Source: treehugger.com |
TIPS